Every athlete should be aware that “turf toe” is not just synonymous with astro-turf. The name, which is closely associated with football and soccer, is not a literal description. Some people even think it's some form of fungus.

With the proliferation of astro-turf, notorious for providing little or no traction, came an increase of turf toe, and the term “turf toe” was born. Today, most sports aren’t played on astro-turf, but that doesn’t mean athletes are no longer subject to the ailment. In fact, some players may have it, but are not even considering it as a practical cause for their symptoms.

It may surprise some to know that “turf toe” is actually a type of sprained toe. When playing sports that require burst running from stationary positions, such as tennis, football, soccer, etc., players have been known to sprain their big toe. This is caused by a hyper-extension of the big toe brought on by sprinting forward from “fixed” starting points with little to no traction. The ligaments that connect the big toe to the foot become over-strained and can sometimes tear.

Knowing that “turf toe” is a sprain will not help all by itself. Players need to be aware of the symptoms which are not always associated with the big toe.

The symptoms are dependent on the “grade” rating of the sprain.

Grade I – Ligaments are stretched or strained.
   Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the ball of the foot, and the big toe.
Slight reduction in range of motion.    Time to Heal: 2-3 weeks
Grade II – Ligaments are partially torn.
   Symptoms: Big toe and ball of foot become swollen and bruised. Pain is felt when any weight is put on foot. Increased reduction in range of motion.    Time to Heal: 4-6 weeks
Grade III – Complete tear of ligaments that could also result in joint dislocation.
   Symptoms: Far greater degree of pain, bruising, and swelling. Movement close to, if not impossible.    Time to Heal: 6-12 weeks

There is no complete prevention for turf toe, aside from wearing proper sized shoes. Stiff sided shoes have better support. Paying attention to surroundings and the surface being played on helps also. Re-injury is very common with turf toe. After the ligaments become damaged, they are weaker and more prone to further problems. Taping the big toe to prevent motion can help decrease the risk of becoming hurt again. With a better understanding of this injury, players will be aware of symptoms, and may avert a bigger problem before it occurs.

If you suspect that you have turf toe, it is critical to seek the urgent consultation of a local sports injuries doctor for appropriate care. To locate a top doctor or physical therapist in your area, please visit our Find a Sports Medicine Doctor or Physical Therapist Near You section.

Read about sports injury treatment using the P.R.I.C.E. principle - Protection, Rest, Icing, Compression, Elevation.