Simple movement and the ability to sprint, stop, turn on a dime, and unnaturally stretch, is often a fundamental necessity for the competitive athlete. Unfortunately, the impact and overuse of bones and muscles will take its toll. Aches and pains are quite common, however constant pain or limited movement could also mean a stress fracture.
Stress fractures, which are tiny cracks in bones, may not have observable symptoms at first. Therein lies the problem. A player could still be active with a stress fracture and not know it. After constant overuse of the area of distress, pain will begin to increase as the tiny crack begins to widen. Further activity without diagnosis or treatment could turn into a more severe fracture. There are certain risks that could make it more probable to develop stress factors as well.
Any or all of the following risks and factors can contribute to the likelihood of getting a stress fracture.
. Females and adolescents are more susceptible.
. Players with reduced bone thickness or density (osteoporosis).
. Poor muscle strength and flexibility.
. Being overweight or in poor physical condition
Smoking, which also causes numerous other health problems, increases the chances of stress fractures.
Symptoms, when they do appear, may be pain in the bone that is localized instead of an all-over ache a swelling or warm area around the site, and increased pain when pressure is applied to or around the affected area. Aches that become constant should definitely be considered. Stress fractures are hard to diagnose with an X-ray because sometimes they are virtually undetectable. MRI scans, which use magnetic waves to picture swelling, and other problems inside the bone are more reliable. CT scans have also been successful in confirmation of stress fractures. Once diagnosed, rest and any other pertinent treatment will follow.
To help prevent stress fractures, some or all of the following can be done:
. Eat a nutritious diet.
. Use proper equipment and shoes.
. Do muscle strengthening exercises incorporating plyometrics and core-training.
. Stretch before, during, and after play.
The gradual increase of the intensity of play will help the body develop a tolerance for longer and more stressful sessions, thus decreasing the chances of a stress fracture forming.
Warning about the risks and possible injuries of any sport played, helps the athlete to become better equipped in developing a training program, and style of play to counter the chances of injury. This knowledge alone is half the battle.
If you suspect that you have a stress fracture, it is critical to seek the urgent consultation of a local sports injuries doctor for appropriate care. To locate a top doctor in your area, please visit our Find a Sports Medicine Doctor Near You section.
References: Stress Fracture, Smith, C.M., Keel, J.C., www.med.nyu.edu, November 2007.